Introduction to History & Indus Valley Civilization

Classification of Indian History 


* Prehistory- Mortal and material remains. 

* Proto history- Material,mortal remains and, Archeology Numismatics folklore and folktales.

* Ancient history- Literature, Inscription,Archeology, Numismatics,folklore and folktales.

* Medieval history- Literature, Inscription,Archeology, Numismatics,folklore and folktales.

* Modern History- Literature, Inscription,Archeology, Numismatics,folklore and folktales,photographic and video graphic evidences.


Concept of AD and BC





Pre-HISTORY 

* Paleolithic Period:- ( Hunting,food gathering, controlled use of fire )

* Mesolithic Period:- ( Domestication of wild animals, Hunting and food gathering)

* Neolithic Period:- ( Beginning of settled life agriculture and invention of wheels)


Proto History Period and Indus Valley Civilization. 


Town Planning of Indus Valley Civilization .


* Use of burnt bricks.

* House buit in a row.

* Drainage system. 

* Grid pattern. 

* Water recharging system. 

* Granaries.

* Citades.

Society of Indus Valley Civilization.

* Matriarchal in nature. 

* Nuclear family system. 

* Urban Civilization. 

* Various professions ( Farmers,Traders,Priests,Artisans,Architects, copper Smith, cattle reares and laboures )


Political System of Indus Valley Civilization 

* Theocratic:- The rule of Religion. 

* Oligarchs:- The rule of influential republican in nature.


Economy in Indus Valley Civilization 

* Barter System in practice. 

* Trade based on agriculture produce.

* Wheat,rice,barley,mustards, sesame,cotton, indigo,melons etc.

*Foregin trade.


Religion in Indus Valley Civilization 

* Mother Goddess. 

* Pasupati Mahedev.

* Swastik Symbol.

* Fire Alters.

* Unicorn and People tree.


Cause of Decline of Indus Valley Civilization 

* The Aryan invasion theory.

* The Plate tectonic theory.


Other Causes

* Floods.

* Lack of fuel. 

* Drought.

* Epidemics.

* Over exploitation of resources. 


Major Towns and commodities obtained 

* Mohenjo-Daro :- Great granary,Broze dancing girl,Bearded man,terracotta toys,Bull seal,Pashupqti seal,three cylindrical seal of the Mesopotamian type. 

*Harappa:- Granaries,coffin burial,artifacts.

* Amri:- Rhino mortal remain.

* Banwali:- Terracotta Ploug.

* Chanudaro :-Lip-stick and only site without a citadel.

* Surkotda:- Mortals of a house.

Simauli:- Burial site, terracotta figure, chariot.

* Ramgpur:- Decyard.

* Mehragarh:- Earlist evidence of agriculture. 

* Rakhigarhi :- Terracotta wheels,toys, figurines,pottery.

* Lothal:- Dockyard. 

* Kalibangan:- Banked/burnt bangles,fire altars,pottery,bones of camel.

Post a Comment

Previous Post Next Post